Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

The labrum forms the front of the proboscis; the basal portions of the maxillae form the sides and the labium forms the rear . Thrips also exhibit unique metamorphosis, being neither truly hemimetabolous nor holometabolous. The first two instars have no external wings, are referred to as larvae, and are mobile but are relatively slow…

Profiling partner presence and abundance alongside plant host nutrients may highlight specific roles, if any, for microbes in an insect that lost endosymbionts. The patterns in AAT transcripts within the Phylloxeridae, and among galling and free-living Aphidomorpha, provide insight into the selection imparted through host manipulation and the evolution of endosymbiosis. Slimfast paralogs appear across many…

The Apprenticeship in Ecological Horticulture, which has helped revitalize small-scale farming by providing hands on training in organic production to more than 1,200 people, including students from Africa, Asia, and across the United States. In addition, UCSC offers the only formal training in community-supported agriculture programs . In January, the apprenticeship received a coveted Steward of Sustainable…

While it is certainly plausible that an industrial hydrolysis step can yield 100% conversion, this small decrease in COGS may not be worth the added difficulty of extending the hydrolysis time or effort. Thus, it is suggested that a 94 percent conversion may a reasonable operating condition to aim for.Extraction of resveratrol in plants has been…

The Merlot and Chardonnay blocks were in the Oak Knoll District and the Cabernet Sauvignon block in Calistoga. Given the arrangement of three cultivars at two sites, cultivar and site effects are confounded in this design. Due to the close location of the two sites, these effects are analyzed as cultivar effects with the assumption…

Our results indicate that the evolutionary trajectories of both the core and the pan-genomes allow for a bacterial species with an extensive host range to specialize many times over a broad array of plant hosts. We see this system as an example of one that “leaps”, with host genera seemingly changing not via phylogenetic signal…

Consequently, this study can serve to reveal the effect, if any, of a continued and rigorous diet consisting of all colors of the rainbow on the physical and mental health of a randomized sample of the adult human population in a given demographically comparable community.The current study is a small-scale secondary application of some of…

Both conjugation and transformation may have been involved in the evolution of the recombinant group, since the data raise the possibility of both large-scale intersubspecific and smaller-scale intrasubspecific recombination . The results support the general conclusion that successful recombination is a rare but important event, a possibility emphasized by Wiedenbeck and Cohan in their review of…

Such differences between extraction techniques may be exacerbated by soil characteristics, such as texture and organic content, which may in turn affect the degree to which water held under different tensions can mix . Similarly, sampling xylem and its resulting isotopic composition has been shown to be affected by methodology. It is usually assumed that…

The ice pop and juice samples did not undergo extraction due to prior extraction of anthocyanins to make the concentrate used in the formulation but were filThered using the 0.45 µm nylon syringe filters prior to HPLC analysis.Anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid were analyzed by HPLC using the method of Cho and others. Samples were analyzed using…